Structure and mechanism of action of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins (literature review)

Botulinum neurotoxins and tetanus are the strongest known toxins that cause neuroparalytic syndromes in botulism tetanus. This review aimed to systematize scientific data on structures mechanism of actions botulinum neurotoxins. proteins containing functional domains responsible for receptor binding, transmembrane translocation, proteolytic cleavage required exocytosis synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters into cleft. The main stages neurotoxin action include binding presynaptic membrane, internalization bound toxin cytosol via endocytosis, translocation L-chain HN domain, disruption interchain disulfide bond with express its catalytic activity (as a metalloprotease) cytosol, selective one or more soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment complex subsequent blockade neurotransmitter release.